RT-PCR Differentiation, Molecular and Pathological Characterization of Andean and Ordinary Strains of <i>Potato virus S</i> in Potatoes in China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A survey of potatoes in a field in Hubei, China, for common potato viruses revealed that Potato virus S (PVS) was the most abundant virus. To unveil the strain identity of the virus, primers specific to the ordinary and/or Andean strains of PVS (i.e., PVSO and PVSA) were designed. RT-PCR using these primers successfully detected PVSO and PVSA in the samples. Sequence analysis of the amplicons confirmed the correctness of the RT-PCR assay. Two isolates, PVS HB24 and PVS HB7, representing PVSO and PVSA, respectively, were chosen for molecular and biological characterization. Both isolates contained a genome of 8,453 nt in length with six open reading frames. They shared a sequence identity of 79.5% at the complete genome sequence level. Phylogenetic analysis placed PVS HB24 and PVS HB7 to PVSO and PVSA clades, respectively. PVS HB24 induced chlorotic local lesions on the inoculated leaves but no visible symptom on the upper uninoculated leaves of Chenopodium quinoa after mechanical inoculation, whereas PVS HB7 induced both local and systemic symptoms on C. quinoa. ELISA and RT-PCR confirmed that PVS HB7 infected C. quinoa systemically whereas PVS HB24 failed to do so. Both isolates infected potato cv. Shepody and Solanum chacoense asymptomatically, but did not infect Nicotiana occidentalis and N. tobaccum cv. Samsun.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".