Accessing the Toronto Subway: Access Mode and Catchment Areas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A ½ mile buffer is commonly used to define the service area of a subway (metro) station. This is based on an approximation of the distance people are willing to walk to access the subway. This research compares the ½ mile pedestrian catchment area approach to the service areas reported in the Transportation Tomorrow Survey for access to the Toronto Transit Commission Subway System. The paper assesses the breakdown of access by mode to the subway and the pedestrian, bus/streetcar and automobile catchment areas of stations in Toronto. This analysis finds two major drawbacks with the ½ mile pedestrian catchment area approach. The service areas of buses and streetcars that connect to the subway are critical, accounting for more than 1/3 of all riders. Spatially, the size and shape of the service area predicted by the ½ mile approach does not accurately represent what is observed in Toronto. Pedestrian catchment areas are commonly smaller than ½ mile in radius and the bus/streetcar and automobile catchment areas are often many times larger.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".