Seasonal variation in vitamin D status in healthy young adults of different ancestry in the Toronto area
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examined seasonal variation in serum 25(OH)D concentrations in young adults of different ancestry. 237 subjects participated in the study. Dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, skin pigmentation, UVR exposure and serum 25(OH)D levels were measured in late summer and winter in the Toronto area. Mean late summer serum 25(OH)D concentration was 49.7 nmol/L for the full sample. However, concentrations were lower for those of East Asian and South Asian ancestry than those of European ancestry (44.6, 33.9 and 71.7 nmol/l, respectively). During late summer, serum 25(OH)D levels were influenced by skin pigmentation (p<0.001), vitamin D intake (p<0.001) and the amount of time spent outdoors at peak UVR hours (p=0.003). Mean winter serum 25(OH)D concentration was 35.4 nmol/L. Again, mean concentrations were lower in those of East Asian and South Asian ancestry compared to those of European ancestry (28.1, 26.5 and 51.6 nmol/l, respectively). Total vitamin D intake (p<0.001) and summer serum 25(OH)D levels (p<0.001) had significant effects on wintertime vitamin D status. The low 25(OH)D levels observed during the winter, and also during the late summer for many young adults is of public health concern. Our data indicates that vitamin D intake is insufficient to maintain adequate levels of vitamin D throughout the year, particularly in individuals of non‐European ancestry. NSERC, ERA and Wenner‐Gren
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".