Assessing the inactivation of Salmonella in dairy wastewater at varying thermal conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Elevated levels of Salmonella in dairy farm generated wastewater can contaminate food and water. Controlling the risk of Salmonella infection requires improving the existing understanding of Salmonella decay in impaired dairy wastewater. Enhanced understanding of Salmonella inactivation in dairy wastewater can help in deriving improved animal waste management practices capable of mitigating the risk of pathogen contamination to cropland as well as water resources. Considering the importance of the animal waste borne pathogen issue, the primary objective of the study was set to determine the degradation pattern of Salmonella in a mesophilic environment (37 C). To do so, the impact of sampling timing (morning vs evening) on the changes in Salmonella counts were assessed. Further, a heat stress study was conducted to identify the critical die-off time at thermophilic temperatures (48 C and 58 C). Results from the study showed that there was a 5.2 log 10 reduction in Salmonella count observed over the 14 d study period. There was no significant difference in Salmonella count during the sampling of morning or evening. Heat stress study showed that the first 30 min was the major die-off time. Regrowth of Salmonella was observed at a thermophilic temperature after 2 d further incubation. The outcome of the study will help to understand pathogen inactivation in dairy waste-water, and to derive improved animal waste treatment methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".