Elevated serum nitric oxide levels in patients with inflammatory arthritis associated with co-expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and protein kinase C-eta in peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To quantify circulating nitric oxide (NO) levels and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression in peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages (PB-MDM) from patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA) as a measure of disease activity, and to determine if there is a correlation between expression of iNOS and protein kinase C-eta (PKC-eta). METHODS: PB-MDM were isolated from whole blood of 20 patients with IA (14 rheumatoid arthritis and 6 peripheral spondyloarthropathies). Thirteen patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and 9 healthy individuals were controls. Serum NO levels were measured by indirect determination of nitrite and nitrate. Expression of PKC-eta and iNOS was investigated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. RESULTS: Serum NO (189.9 +/- 49.7 microM) was significantly higher (p < 0.0028) in IA patients than in controls (131.1 +/- 18.5 microM) or patients with OA (126.9 +/- 37.1 microM). IA patients with severe inflammation had highest levels of NO, while those with mild inflammation had normal levels of NO. RT-PCR showed that PB-MDM from IA patients with active disease co-expressed iNOS and PKC-eta. This was observed in 15 out of 16 cases. All other groups with normal plasma NO expressed neither gene. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that elevated plasma NO levels were only present in IA patients with severe disease activity. We show for the first time a positive correlation between PKC-eta and iNOS expression in arthritis, supporting our earlier in vitro findings that PKC-eta expression was essential for lipopolysaccharide-mediated iNOS induction and NO production in human monocytes. PKC-eta may be important for the development of IA-induced iNOS positive phenotype in human PB-MDM.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".