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Record W2303931352 · doi:10.14288/1.0050356

Flocculation of Fraser River sediments due to pulp mill effluents

2009· article· en· W2303931352 on OpenAlex
Wayne John Evans

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenuecIRcle (University of British Columbia) · 2009
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicCoagulation and Flocculation Studies
Canadian institutionsUniversity of British Columbia
Fundersnot available
KeywordsFlocculationEffluentPulp millMillPaper millGeologyPulp (tooth)Pulp and paper industryEnvironmental scienceHydrology (agriculture)Environmental engineeringGeotechnical engineeringGeographyArchaeologyEngineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Recently, researchers noted an aggregation phenomenon downstream of a pulp mill effluent discharge. A large quantity of the sediment in the Athabasca River deposited downstream of the discharge of the pulp mill effluent (Krishnappan et al., 1994). This effect may be significant on the Fraser River, where a number of pulp mills along its length discharge effluent. This aggregation phenomenon could not be explained by existing coagulation / flocculation theories, and an experimental investigation was undertaken. Experiments involved simple jar testing and settling tests in settling columns. The jar tests were completed in Prince George using pulp mill effluent, and Fraser River water. Throughout these tests, turbidity measurements were made which resulted in some ambiguity surrounding interpretation of the results. Nonetheless, on addition of pulp mill effluent to river water, it was noted that a reduction in turbidity occurred with respect to expected values immediately after mixing. The magnitude of this turbidity reduction was also shown to be greatest when effluent and river water were mixed in equal proportions. The turbidity reduction was thought to indicate aggregation of solids in the effluent - river water mixture. Settling experiments were completed in a settling column, and measurements of total suspended solids were made. This enabled information regarding settling velocities to be obtained, which are related to aggregate size. It was found that on mixing effluent with a suspension of illite, the settleability of the suspended solids was greatly improved. The same results were not achieved when a suspension of Fraser River sediment and effluent were mixed, and it appeared that the settleability of suspended solids was actually impeded due to the addition of effluent in this instance. An analysis of the field data collected by field researchers (Krishnappan, 1994; Droppo, 1994) was also completed. The analysis completed was more detailed than any previously completed, and indicated that there may be aggregation of particles within the effluent plume of the Northwood mill at Prince George. The degree of aggregation appeared to be slight, and hence not likely to affect the overall transport of suspended solids within the Fraser River.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.563
Threshold uncertainty score0.992

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.008
GPT teacher head0.186
Teacher spread0.178 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it