Continuous Confinement Fluidics: Getting Lots of Molecules into Small Spaces with High Fidelity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Confining DNA molecules with high throughput and structural integrity is an important challenge in nanochannel-based genomic mapping technology. Here we demonstrate dynamic confinement and linearization of DNA polymers within an embedded nanogroove array with 95% channel occupation. In standard nanofluidic technology, the free energy of confinement experienced by the DNA molecules increases strongly with decreasing device dimensions, leading to a suppression of molecule concentration in nanoconfined spaces. We overcome this limitation by combining “convex lens-induced confinement” (CLiC) geometry with in situ electrophoresis, simultaneously establishing gentle and continuously adjustable nanoconfinement and precise electrokinetic control. Together, these capabilities enable trapping and visualization of extended DNA molecules with high yield over an extended range of conditions. We demonstrate 10-fold increased DNA concentration in a confined region from 10 to 500 nm. Moreover, we develop and validate a predictive model for describing electrokinetically controlled molecule enhancement in continuously varying nanoconfinement. We show that electrophoretic side loading, in continuously varying confinement, not only enhances DNA concentration but also contributes to extend to their full contour length.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".