Semangat Patriotisme dalam Kalangan Mahasiswa Bukan Melayu di Institusi Pengajian Tinggi, Sekitar Lembah Kelang (Patriotism among non-Malay Students in Public Higher Education Institution, Around Klang Valley)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Media reports since 2003 have revealed that non-Malay youths especially Chinese and Indians have shown lack of interest in the state defence institutions such as PDRM and ATM which are the main manifestation of patriotism. This situation is said to show lack of patriotism amongst them. Thus, this research is to determine the strength of their patriotism to this country. A total of 743 students had been chosen randomly from two Public Higher Education Institutions (IPTA) and two Private Higher Education Institutions (IPTS) in the Klang Valley. The questionnaire method of survey was utilised in collecting the data for this research, which mainly used the descriptive and the inference statistics analysis. The inference statistic used was the one way test ANOVA, whereas the descriptive statistical method comprised the mean analysis, and percentages. The results show that the level of patriotism is average among non-Malay students. Patriotism amongst respondents was also compared to level of patriotism showed by the American, Canadian, Italian, Thai, Indonesian, Iranian, China and South Korean younger generation. Keywords: Patriotism, non-Malay students, Public Higher Education Institutions, Private Higher Education Institutions, state defence institutions ABSTRAK Berdasarkan laporan media semenjak tahun 2003, statistik daripada Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM) dan Angkatan Tentera Malaysia (ATM), didapati penglibatan generasi muda bukan Melayu terutamanya kaum Cina dan India dalam institusi pertahanan negara yang merupakan manifestasi utama semangat patriotisme amat sedikit sekali. Sekaligus hal ini menggambarkan semangat patriotisme yang kurang menyakinkan dalam kalangan mereka. Justeru itu, kajian ini dilakukan untuk melihat sejauhmana semangat patriotisme dalam kalangan generasi muda bukan Melayu tersebut terhadap negara. Kajian ini melibatkan seramai 743 responden yang dipilih daripada dua buah IPTA dan dua buah IPTS. Kesemua lokasi IPT yang dipilih ini terletak di sekitar Lembah Kelang. Data kajian diperolehi melalui soal selidik yang telah dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensi seperti analisis min, peratusan dan ujian ANOVA sehala. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan semangat patriotisme dalam kalangan generasi muda bukan Melayu yang terlibat adalah sederhana. Seterusnya, perbandingan semangat patriotisme dalam kalangan responden dalam kajian ini telah dilakukan dengan semangat patriotisme yang ditunjukkan oleh generasi muda di luar negara seperti di Amerika Syarikat, Kanada, Itali, Thailand, Indonesia, Iran, China, dan Korea Selatan. Kata kunci: Semangat patriotisme, mahasiswa bukan Melayu, Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Awam, Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Swasta, institusi pertahanan negara
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".