Elicitation of induced systemic resistance of chili pepper by iturin A analogs derived from <i>Bacillus vallismortis</i> EXTN-1
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) derived from plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are well known as potential antifungal compounds. However, the physiological function of CLPs from Bacillus vallismortis strain EXTN-1 (EXTN-1) is still poorly understood. In this study, we proposed the potential role of iturin A analogs in modulation of induced systemic resistance (ISR) of chili pepper in response to Phytophthora capsici. Seven individual iturin A analogs were identified from EXTN-1, and iturin A analogs pre-treated plants resulted in a significant reduction of disease. However, no iturins directly inhibited growth of P. capsici in vitro antibiosis assay, indicating the existence of other possibilities for suppression of disease. The expression analysis of defense-related marker genes PR1, PR4, PR10, chitinase, peroxidase, and β-1,3-glucanase revealed that transcript levels of these genes were dramatically up-regulated in iturin A analog treated plants after inoculation of P. capsici, suggesting that iturin-triggered plant systemic defense responses were involved in attenuating the disease symptoms. Collectively, our results clearly suggest that iturin A analogs from EXTN-1 are required for alleviation of P. capsici-mediated disease incidence.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it