Elicitation of induced systemic resistance of chili pepper by iturin A analogs derived from <i>Bacillus vallismortis</i> EXTN-1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) derived from plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are well known as potential antifungal compounds. However, the physiological function of CLPs from Bacillus vallismortis strain EXTN-1 (EXTN-1) is still poorly understood. In this study, we proposed the potential role of iturin A analogs in modulation of induced systemic resistance (ISR) of chili pepper in response to Phytophthora capsici. Seven individual iturin A analogs were identified from EXTN-1, and iturin A analogs pre-treated plants resulted in a significant reduction of disease. However, no iturins directly inhibited growth of P. capsici in vitro antibiosis assay, indicating the existence of other possibilities for suppression of disease. The expression analysis of defense-related marker genes PR1, PR4, PR10, chitinase, peroxidase, and β-1,3-glucanase revealed that transcript levels of these genes were dramatically up-regulated in iturin A analog treated plants after inoculation of P. capsici, suggesting that iturin-triggered plant systemic defense responses were involved in attenuating the disease symptoms. Collectively, our results clearly suggest that iturin A analogs from EXTN-1 are required for alleviation of P. capsici-mediated disease incidence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".