Attributable Length of Stay and Mortality of Major Bleeding as a Complication of Therapeutic Anticoagulation in the Intensive Care Unit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the attributable length of stay and mortality due to bleeding as a complication of therapeutic anticoagulation in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. METHODS: Charts of patients from 7 ICUs in British Columbia were screened daily for the occurrence of major bleeding while receiving therapeutic heparin. To determine attributable length of stay and mortality, a matched and unmatched cohort design as well as multivariate analysis were used. We included only patients who were started on anticoagulation on or after day 2 in the ICU. RESULTS: Between 2006 and 2009, a total of 868 patients were started on therapeutic anticoagulation and 139 bled. One hundred five patients who bled were matched to 261 controls. In the matched analysis after adjustment for potential confounders, each bleeding event was associated with an increase in ICU length of stay (hazard ratio for ICU discharge, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.38-0.57; attributable ICU length of stay of 13.8 days). Hospital length of stay was also significantly increased. In the entire cohort analysis, bleeding was also associated with increased ICU length of stay (hazard ratio, 0.59; confidence interval, 0.48-0.72; attributable stay of 6.1 days) and increased hospital length of stay. In both analyses, bleeding was not associated with hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Major bleeding while receiving anticoagulation is associated with a substantial increase in ICU and hospital length of stay.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".