Limits to Intensified Mycophenolate Mofetil Dosing in Kidney Transplantation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that achieving adequate exposure of mycophenolic acid (MPA) early post transplant is associated with less acute rejection in kidney recipients. Intensified dosing with the equivalent of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) 3 g daily in tacrolimus-treated patients has been shown to increase exposure however about 15% remain below the lower therapeutic threshold of MPA area under the curve (AUC) of 30 mg · hr⁻¹ · L⁻¹ early post transplant. A post hoc analysis of this study showed that a target MPA AUC >40 mg · hr⁻¹ · L⁻¹ was most effective. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether 4 g daily of MMF would result in a greater proportion achieving adequate MPA exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MMF 4 g daily was used in tacrolimus treated de novo kidney transplant recipients. A 3-point limited sample strategy was used to measure MPA AUC on days 5 and 14. Doses were adjusted at day 5 if exposure was high. RESULTS: In 30 patients, the mean AUC was 63 ± 28 mg · hr⁻¹ · L⁻¹ on day 5, with 13% (4/30) ≤ 30 mg · hr⁻¹ · L⁻¹ and 57% (17/30) >60 mg · hr⁻¹ · L⁻¹. The target MPA AUC was <40 mg · hr⁻¹ · L⁻¹ in 23% (7/30). Three patients developed gastrointestinal toxicity and required dose changes. Acute rejection occurred in only 2 patients (grade 1A and 2B) within 3 months (day 5 MPA AUCs were 29.9 and 33 mg · hr⁻¹ · L⁻¹. On day 14 the mean AUC was 46 ± 17 mg · hr⁻¹ · L⁻¹. Many were on MMF doses >2 g daily (8 on 3 g and 9 on 4 g daily). CONCLUSION: Compared to MMF 3 g daily, 4 g daily dose not result in a greater proportion adequately exposed. Rejections were few and occurred in the lower MPA exposed recipients. More than 50% of patients needed doses of MMF >2 g daily for 2 weeks to avoid underexposure. If intensified MPA dosing is considered, exceeding 3 g daily in tacrolimus-treated patients provides no added benefit.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".