Environmental aspects of mineral synthesis through interaction of smoke gases from biomass burning and low-grade MnO<sub>2</sub>ores
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Page s180 s180positions.A well studied phase transition from A2/a -P2 1 /a occurs near 500 K.In nature titanite often incorporates various impurities like the radiogenic elements U and Th.Through the resulting structural damage induced by α-and β-decay the titanite becomes metamict.This means over geological time scales recoil processes due to alpha radiation change the originally periodically structured material into a quasiamorphous state with persisting short-range order but destroyed long-range order.We present IR and Raman spectra as well as X-ray diffraction data of metamict and heat treated titanite from the Cardiff mine in Canada.The Raman and IR modes are strongly broadened in the metamict material and became sharper on annealing.The OH-stretching mode at 3486 cm -1 indicates strong changes in the local environment of OH -in metamict titanite.Between 620 and 750 cm -1 Raman excitations appear in the metamict material, which in IR spectra result from Ti-O stretching excitations of the TiO 6 octahedra.This indicates the breakdown of the Raman selection rules and points to the breaking of the octahedral symmetry of TiO 6 polyhedra.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".