Nitrogen, phosphorus, and light effects on reproduction and fitness of wild rice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plant fitness is typically correlated with total seed biomass or the number of seeds produced per plant, but the connection from seed production to seedlings the following year is seldom made. Seedling production in grasses, including wild rice ( Zizania palustris L.) is determined by the number of inflorescences produced, the number of seeds per inflorescence, the mean mass per seed, proportion of seeds that are filled, predation on seeds, and germination rates. Previous studies have shown that wild rice biomass production is limited primarily by nitrogen and secondarily by phosphorus and light. To test how nitrogen, phosphorus, and light modulate plant fitness, we evaluated the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and light on the above parameters. Nitrogen addition increased number of inflorescences, seeds per inflorescence, and mean seed mass, resulting in more seedlings produced, hence greater fitness, despite increased rice worm predation and lower germination rates of seeds compared to seeds from plants grown without nitrogen addition. Phosphorus additions and full sunlight also increased the number of seedlings per plant, mainly after nitrogen was added. Therefore, the maternal environment not only affects seed production but the number of seedlings that emerge the following year, especially with respect to nitrogen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".