Variability of GRM and Refraction Tomography Results Example: Water Resource Investigations in Western Massachusetts
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Five linear seismic surveys were conducted at the Clark Art Institute in Williamstown, MA to locate water‐bearing bedrock fractures. Supply wells and return wells are needed to support an open‐loop geothermal system requiring 550 gpm, with future expansion of the system planned. A total of 6,901 linear feet of seismic data were collected, 3,564 with reflection and 3,337 with refraction, with both methods used on each line. Reflection data were processed with Geogiga's Reflector 6.01 to produce CDP stacked sections. Refraction data were processed using Geogiga's Refractor 6.01 and DW Tomo 6.01 using GRM and tomography techniques. Tomography results, based on initial models using GRM model output and velocity gradients, were compared before integrating the tomography models with CDP‐stacked sections. Of the five linear reflection and refraction surveys, two intersecting survey lines were located on the east side of the Institute between a roadway and a building, where lacustrine and fluvial outwash reportedly overly Pre‐Cambrian schist and marble bedrock. Three survey lines (two parallel and one intersecting) were located in an upland meadow on the west side of the Institute along the west flank of a drumlin with bedrock exposed on the top. A thickening wedge of till overburden transitions downslope into outwash deposits. The bedrock underlying the west survey area is reportedly schist, with speculation of a thrust fault parallel to the slope. Although tomography results resolved major velocity boundaries and low‐velocity zones, the GRM models provided the highest level of horizontal and vertical velocity resolution. Initial drilling targets in the east survey area produced two wells, each yielding several hundred gpm. The initial well drilled in the west area targets was lost due to extremely fractured bedrock.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it