High Fuel Concentration Direct Liquid Fuel Cell with Redox Couple Cathode
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A unique approach which facilitates the use of high fuel concentrations in Direct Liquid Fuel Cells (DLFCs) is reported. By substituting the air cathode of a conventional DLFC with a redox couple cathode, a 3D carbon-based electrode can be employed to achieve cathode selectivity. This configuration not only eliminates cathode depolarization, but also enhances the cell design flexibility, allows for a Pt-free cathode and precludes cathode flooding as it is an all-liquid system. Methanol and formic acid are used as model fuels with the Fe2+/Fe3+ redox couple in cyclic voltammetry and fuel cell performance tests to demonstrate the positive attributes of this system. Fuel cell tests include the use of Nafion® 112 or Nafion® 117 as the membrane and fuel concentrations approaching that of pure fuel.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".