Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper addresses the dynamic nature of geography in Canada today within the context of the history and recent trends of the Canadian Association of Geographers (CAG), activities of research groups in the CAG, changing patterns in the gender distribution of academic geographers, and regional distribution of geographers. CAG is an influential association of geographers, which plays an important role in defining fields of environmental studies and human geography. This paper examines the role of the association in the Canadian context. Furthermore, it outlines the geography education syllabus and research in the Department of Geography and Program in Planning at the University of Toronto, as well as some recent examples of successful research by Canadian geographers. All of these aspects make it clear that geography in Canada is closely related to the magnificent scale of the natural world and the diverse peoples occupying the land. Canada seems to have a national character that is distinct from the cultural and economic domination of the United States. While the interests and concerns of Canadian geographers had focused on East–West trends, growing attention is being paid to North–South trends and other aspects of Canadian geography.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.019 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".