Persistence of integrated HIV DNA in CXCR3 + CCR6 + memory CD4+ T cells in HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: HIV latent infection can be established in vitro by treating resting CD4 T cells with chemokines that bind to chemokine receptors (CKR), CCR7, CXCR3, and CCR6, highly expressed on T cells. OBJECTIVE: To determine if CKR identify CD4 T cells enriched for HIV in HIV-infected individuals receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of CKR expression and HIV persistence in blood from HIV-infected individuals on suppressive ART for more than 3 years (n = 48). A subset of 20 individuals underwent leukapheresis and sorting of specific CD4 T-cell subsets. METHODS: We used flow cytometry to quantify CCR5, CCR6, CXCR3, and CXCR5 expression on CD4 T cells. HIV persistence was quantified using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction to detect total, integrated HIV DNA, 2-long terminal repeat circles and cell-associated unspliced (CA-US) HIV RNA in total CD4 T cells from blood or sorted T-cell subsets. Associations between CKR and HIV persistence in CD4 T cells in blood were determined using regression models and adjusted for current and nadir CD4 T-cell counts. RESULTS: The frequency of cells harbouring integrated HIV DNA was inversely associated with current CD4 T-cell count and positively associated with CCR5+ CD4 T cells, CXCR3+CCR6+ and CXCR3+CCR6- expression on total memory CD4 T cells (P < 0.001, 0.048, 0.015, and 0.016, respectively). CXCR3+CCR6+ CM CD4 T cells contained the highest amount of integrated HIV DNA and lowest ratio of CA-US HIV RNA to DNA compared to all T-cell subsets examined. CONCLUSION: CXCR3 and CCR6 coexpression defines a subset of CD4 T cells that are preferentially enriched for HIV DNA in HIV-infected individuals on ART.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".