Experimental Investigations into the Insecticidal, Fungicidal, and Bactericidal Properties of Pyrolysis Bio-oil from Tobacco Leaves Using a Fluidized Bed Pilot Plant
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tobacco bio-oil, gases, and char were produced through pyrolysis of tobacco leaves using a fluidized bed pilot plant under varying temperature (350, 400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 °C) and residence time (5, 10, and 17 s) conditions. The optimized condition for the production of bio-oil was found to be at 500 °C at a vapor residence time of 5 s, giving a bio-oil yield of 43.4%. The Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB) Leptinotarsa decemlineata L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a destructive pest toward potato crops, and three microorganisms ( Streptomyces scabies, Clavibacter michiganensis, and Pythium ultimum ), all problematic in Canadian agriculture, were strongly affected by tobacco bio-oil generated at all pyrolysis temperatures. Nicotine-free fractions of the tobacco bio-oil were prepared through liquid−liquid extraction, and high mortality rates for the CPB and inhibited growth for the microorganisms were still observed. A potential pesticide from tobacco bio-oil adds value to the biomass as well as the pyrolysis process.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it