Long-Term Results of Phototherapeutic Keratectomy Versus Mechanical Epithelial Removal Followed by Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking for Keratoconus
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To compare the long-term visual outcomes of patients with keratoconus treated with either phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) or mechanical epithelial removal before corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. METHODS: CXL was performed by 1 of 3 surgeons (K.B., W.B.J., or G.M.). Seventeen eyes underwent mechanical epithelial removal before CXL and were consecutively selected after being matched with the 17 eyes in the PTK group for the variables of procedure date, average keratometry, and pachymetry. All cones were central. Manifest refraction spherical equivalent, sphere, cylinder, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and pachymetry were measured and compared preoperatively and in follow-up. RESULTS: The mean CDVA change in the PTK group at 12 months postoperatively was statistically different from the mean CDVA change in the mechanical group at 12 months postoperatively (P = 0.031). The PTK group had significantly better outcomes in visual acuity 12 months postoperatively than did the mechanical group (P > 0.05). The mean number of lines of improvement in the PTK and mechanical groups were 2.30 ± 0.96 and 0.00 ± 0.33 lines, respectively (P = 0.0036). The mean change between the preoperative and 12 months postoperative manifest refraction spherical equivalent for the PTK and mechanical groups were 0.78 ± 0.65 and 0.17 ± 0.65, respectively (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: PTK CXL resulted in better visual outcomes in comparison with mechanical epithelial removal CXL 1 year after treatment.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it