Isolation of non-tuberculous mycobacteria among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Ontario, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
SETTING AND OBJECTIVE: There are limited data regarding the frequency and significance of co-isolating pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). DESIGN: We identified all patients with culture-proven PTB in Ontario, Canada, in 2004, identified those with NTM 'co-isolation' (≤6 months following initial TB isolate) and determined subsequent NTM isolation over 5 years. RESULTS: In 2004, 369 people in Ontario had culture-proven PTB (average age 46 years, SD 21, 41% female). NTM co-isolation occurred in 11% (40/369), including Mycobacterium avium complex 22/40 (55%), M. xenopi 7/40 (18%), M. gordonae 6/40 (15%) and others 5/40 (13%). Patients with NTM co-isolation were older (55 vs. 45 years, P = 0.004), but had similar sex ratios (females 43% vs. 40%, P = 0.87). Among patients with co-isolation, 23% (9/40) went on to have ≥2 NTM cultures (excluding initial culture), compared with 3% (10/329) in the PTB group (including initial culture, P = 0.0001). In the co-isolation group, the median (quartiles) number of samples collected for mycobacterial study was 6 (4-8) compared to 2 (1-4) in the PTB group (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency of subsequent NTM isolation among patients with NTM co-isolation during PTB may warrant follow-up for potential NTM disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".