ICEBERG. Intimal carotid evaluation before echocardiography reveals global vascular risk
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the prevalence of carotid disease in patients presenting for a routine ECHO for non-vascular reasons and to correlate the findings with the patient's Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Methods: Males ≥40 years and females ≥50 years were eligible for participation. All gave signed informed consent to participate and completed a questionnaire regarding history of previous vascular disease, current Statin use, current smoking, diabetes, treatment for hypertension and family history of premature coronary disease. A recent lipid profile was obtained from their family doctor and if not available blood work was taken for fasting lipids. A limited carotid study was performed during the ECHO, 6 images were taken to include the Common Carotid Artery (CCA), carotid bulb and internal carotid artery bilaterally. Any carotid plaque or CCA IMT ≥1.20mm is indicative of increased cardiovascular risk according to the Canadian lipid guidelines. Results: 431 consecutive patients underwent a routine ECHO. 315 patients were excluded, mostly due to either current Statin use, or known vascular disease, (215), or age criteria (23 males <40yrs and 54 females <50 years). 116 patients had their FRS calculated and their carotid study completed. The prevalence of carotid disease according to FRS category (low, intermediate and high) is shown in the image below. FRS and prevalence of carotid disease. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of carotid disease was 58.6%. 81.2% of high FRS, 61.1% of intermediate FRS and 21.9% of low FRS. 66 of 68 patients with carotid disease had an LDL cholesterol >2.0mmol/l which is the Canadian guideline threshold for Statin therapy. 38 patients were classified as high FRS and 36 of these had an LDL cholesterol >2.0mmol/l, yet none were treated indicating that their FRS had likely never been previously calculated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.031 | 0.016 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".