3.0 Loads
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrical transmission line structures need to be capable of withstanding loads generated from weather-related events, construction and maintenance events, and provide failure containment to minimize damage from disaster. The design load criteria in this Section addresses only the typical considerations for high voltage transmission systems. These structures most likely have longer span, higher structural profile, and they are more difficult to replace or repair when damaged. They could have substantial impacts when out of service since they cover larger area. The stability of electrical grid could be disturbed by a single unplanned event of structures. Typical structures for lower voltage distribution system are much shorter, less than 60 ft. in height. These structures usually serve a smaller area and do not need sizeable amount of manpower or equipment resources to perform replacement or repair tasks if needed. In addition, electrical system reliability are frequently not depend on the availability of one particular structure since the distribution grids are typically "looped" with multiple degrees of redundancy. Thus, in the past, the design load criteria for distribution structures are considerably different than that of transmission structures. For example, ordinarily, distribution structures do not consider failure containment loads. There are other uncertainties that applied to a lower profile structure that are difficult to taking into account. The wind turbulence is severer and unpredictable in lower elevation. Ice weight from broken tree branches, which lay on the structure, can be many times higher than ice weight accumulated on the wires alone. The debris, from either wind or ice storms, is more frequent and could generate higher impact loads to these structures. Thus, the load calculations are more complicated and may depend heavily on the condition of surrounding environment. Historically, regulatory bodies provide design guidelines based mainly on past performances. ASCE has recently established a committee to study the load effects for this unique type of structure. Structural loads for the distribution system are not covered in this document.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".