Long-Term Performance of a Reclamation Cover: The Evolution of Hydraulic Properties and Hydrologic Response
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The performance of a prototype reclamation cover constructed over saline-sodic shale overburden was tracked over a six-year period. The test cover, constructed on a 5H:1V slope, was comprised of a thin layer (approximately 20 cm) of a peat-mineral soil mixture overlying a thicker layer (approximately 80 cm) of `secondary' (glacial lacustrine or till). The primary objective of the cover design was to provide sufficient moisture storage for vegetation while mitigating the upward diffusion of salts from the underlying pyritic shale. In situ measurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity were conducted using a Guelph permeameter. Hydrologic measurements included soil moisture, matric suction, soil temperature, surface runoff, and interflow. The major ion chemistry of both surface runoff and interflow waters were measured. In situ measurements of hydraulic conductivity over the six-year period demonstrated that the cover developed secondary structure within four years of placement, likely due to repeated freeze/thaw and wet/dry cycles. The hydrologic response data and interflow chemistry suggests that the mechanisms responsible for the rapid delivery of precipitation to the base of the cover during spring melt are controlled by interactions between soil conditions and climate. Preferential flow occurs when a threshold wetting is achieved and when the ground is either frozen or the matric suctions are low. It also appears that the relative contribution of `event' and `pre-event' water evolves as interflow proceeds. Lateral interflow appears to be an important mechanism for mitigating the upward diffusion of salts into the cover.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".