Effect of Pyrolysis and CO<sub>2</sub> Gasification Pressure on the Surface Area and Pore Size Distribution of Petroleum Coke
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During pyrolysis and gasification, the pore structure of the feed material will change, and these changes affect the reaction rates. In this study, the surface area and reactivity of petroleum coke char prepared at different pyrolysis pressures were studied. In addition, the surface area and pore size distribution of petroleum coke have been monitored during gasification at various pressures. The change in these properties has been related to reactivity to determine how the physical structure of the petroleum coke influences the gasification rate. The samples were characterized using nitrogen and carbon dioxide physisorption and X-ray diffraction, while the reactivity was measured in a thermogravimetric analysis unit at 1173 K and total pressures of CO 2 between 0.1 and 2.1 MPa. The surface area of char, prepared at higher pressures, is slightly higher than that prepared at 0.1 MPa. The corresponding increase in reactivity with an increasing surface area suggested that the different reactivities of chars prepared at different pressures were a result of the effect of the pressure on the surface area. In contrast to the minor effect of the pyrolysis pressure on the char surface area, an increase in pressure during gasification significantly increased pore development and, hence, surface area. Normalization of the reaction rate by the surface area indicated that the effect of the pressure on the physical characteristics of the petcoke was the main but not sole factor in the change of the reaction rate with the gasification pressure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".