Fracture Toughness of X100 Pipe Girth Welds Using SE(T) and SE(B) Tests
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extensive single-edge notched tension (SE(T)) and single-edge notched bend (SE(B)) tests were performed to apply the SE(T) procedure developed at CANMET and the standard SE(B) procedure of ASTM E1820 to pipeline girth welds as a contribution to a broader project on strain-based design (SBD) for pipeline girth weld integrity. Specimens were precracked from the pipe inner surface to target lengths of 3 and 6 mm to represent surface-breaking weld flaws of single- and double-pass height, respectively. It was found that resistance curves for weld metal (WM) were much lower than those for base metal (BM) or heat affected zone (HAZ) specimens even though the WM strength overmatched the BM, owing to effects from the WM microstructure. The small crack-tip opening angle observed in post-test WM specimens was consistent with the low crack propagation resistance, which in turn results in small tearing resistance, TR. In general, toughness decreases with increase in initial crack length. J values and tearing resistance are found to be influenced by loading mode; toughness is higher in tension, SE(T), than in bending, SE(B) for a given crack length and test temperature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".