Biotypic Variation among Soybean Aphid Isolates from Four Provinces in China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The soybean aphid [Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae)] is an important pest insect of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in China and North America. Identification of soybean aphid biotypes would facilitate more effective pest management. Although four soybean aphid biotypes have been discovered in North America to date, biotype determination has not been conducted in China. In this study, we analyzed the biotypes of soybean aphids collected from four different soybean‐growing areas in China in 2011. The responses of four soybean aphid isolates from Changchun (Jilin province), Jinan (Shandong province), and Shanghai and Guiyang (Guizhou province) were assessed by infesting 11 soybean genotypes in noncaged tests during 2 yr and infesting 7 genotypes in a caged test in 1 yr. We distinguished among the four isolates on the basis of their abilities to infest a set of host plants with the known resistance genes Rag1 through Rag6. The results showed that the biotype profiles of the four soybean aphid isolates were different from each other and that there are at least four biotypes of soybean aphid in China.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".