Incubation patterns of a shorebird with rapid multiple clutches, the Mountain Plover (<i>Charadrius montanus</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The rapid multiclutch parental care system of the Mountain Plover ( Charadrius montanus J.K. Townsend, 1837) presents a rare opportunity to examine sex-specific differences in avian uniparental care. We monitored incubation activity for this species using a combination of video (857 h at 25 nests during 2007) and temperature data-recording (>10 000 h at 124 nests during 2006–2008) at breeding areas in Montana. We modeled possible differences in nocturnal activity using the duration of off-bouts of incubating adults and included the effects of nest age, day of season, ambient temperature, precipitation, and time of departure. Males, on average, made 1.48 departures·h–1over a 24 h period (SE = 0.35 departures·h–1, n = 6 days) and females made 1.41 departures·h–1(SE = 0.11 departures·h–1, n = 26 days). The mean duration of nocturnal off-bouts for males was 0.38 h (SE = 0.01 h, n = 1925), while the mean duration of female off-bouts was 0.36 h (SE = 0.01 h, n = 2716). Plovers had longer off-bouts from their nests in the middle of the night and early in the breeding season. This study furthers an understanding of incubation patterns in an uncommon avian parental care system and provides important behavioral information about a species of conservation concern.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".