Methane Separation from Coal Mine Methane Gas by Tetra-<i>n</i>-butyl Ammonium Bromide Semiclathrate Hydrate Formation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work presents new data to further develop the hydrate-based process for the separation of CH 4 from the low-concentration coal mine methane gas (30 mol % CH 4 /N 2 ) through the formation of tetra- n -butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) semiclathrate hydrate. The TBAB semiclathrate hydrate formed from the 30 mol % CH 4 /N 2 gas mixture has more favorable equilibrium conditions than the gas hydrate formed from the same gas mixture. The incipient equilibrium conditions at 0.17, 0.29, and 0.62 mol % TBAB were experimentally determined and reported. The experiments of forming TBAB semiclathrate hydrate from the 30 mol % CH 4 /N 2 gas mixture were performed in both semibatch and batch operation under a fixed driving force of 3.5 MPa. The results indicate that CH 4 is preferentially encaged into the TBAB hydrate. The use of a 0.29 mol % TBAB solution is preferred over the 0.17 and 0.62 mol % TBAB solutions. The semibatch operation is more effective than the batch operation for the separation of CH 4 from the 30 mol % CH 4 /N 2 gas mixture. The CH 4 recovery was found to be approximately 25% at 0.29 mol % TBAB concentration in the semibatch operation and the corresponding CH 4 concentration released from the TBAB hydrate was nearly 43 mol %. A CH 4 -rich stream (70 mol % CH 4 /N 2 ) was obtained after two stages of TBAB semiclathrate hydrate formation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".