Continuous Subdural Irrigation and Drainage for Intracranial Subdural Empyema in a 92-Year-Old Woman
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Intracranial subdural empyema (ISDE) is a life-threatening intracranial infection. Early and precise detection, timely surgery, and appropriate antibiotic therapy are the keys to a more favorable clinical outcome. Treatment is aimed at complete evacuation of the empyema and eradication of the source of infection. However, in the case of elderly patients or patients with poor health, doctors hesitate to perform open cranial surgery under general anesthesia; thus, the choice of appropriate surgical method is fraught with many limitations. CASE REPORT: We present a case of ISDE in a 92-year-old woman who was successfully treated with continuous irrigation of the subdural space with antibiotics and drainage through 2 burr holes for 1 week without any complications. CONCLUSION: Continuous subdural irrigation is useful for the evacuation of pus and eradication of the source of infection, thereby resulting in a favorable outcome, especially in elderly patients and patients with poor health.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".