Poly(4-styrenesulfonate) as an Inhibitor of Aβ40 Amyloid Fibril Formation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The formation of amyloid, a cross-β-sheet fibrillar aggregate of proteins, is associated with a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Amyloidogenic proteins such as β-amyloid (Aβ) are known to exist with a large amount of polyelectrolyte macromolecules in vivo. The exact nature of Aβ-polyelectrolyte interactions and their roles in Aβ-aggregation are largely unknown. In this regard, we report the inhibiting effect of an anionic polyelectrolyte poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) on the aggregation of Aβ40 peptide. The results demonstrate the strong inhibition potential of PSS on the aggregation of Aβ40 and imply the dominant role of hydrophobicity of the polyelectrolyte in reducing the propensity of Aβ40 amyloid formation. Additional studies with poly(vinyl sulfate) (PVS) and p-toluenesulfonate (PTS), which share similar charge density with PSS except the former lacking the nonpolar aromatic side chain and the latter the aliphatic hydrocarbon backbone, reveal that the presence of both aliphatic backbone and aromatic side chain group in PSS is essential for its Aβ-aggregation inhibition activity. The interactions involved in the Aβ40-PSS complex were further investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Our results provide new insights into the structural interplay between polyelectrolytes and Aβ peptide, facilitating the ultimate understanding of amyloid formation in Alzheimer's disease. The results should assist in developing novel polyelectrolytes as potential chemical tools to study amyloid aggregation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".