Japanese Policy Towards China: Politics of the Imperial Visit to China In 1992
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Japanese-Chinese relations reached a new watershed when Emperor Akihito paid an official visit to China in October 1992. It was in response to persistent and intense efforts made by the Chinese political and government leaders that the Japanese government at long last made the decision to accept the Chinese invitation and to proceed with an imperial visit. The formal public announcement of the Japanese government came on August 25, 1992. In actuality, however, with the concurrence of Prime Minister Miyazawa Kiichi, Foreign Minister Watanabe Michio had already decided affirmatively on the issue by the time he flew to Beijing in early January of that year. According to the official government version of what transpired in Beijing, the Chinese leaders brought up the matter of the imperial visit and Watanabe responded by saying that the Japanese government would give this matter serious consideration. What the official account omitted was that in his encounter with Foreign Minister Qian Qichen, Watanabe went so far as to ask whether the specific October dates of 22-27 would be acceptable to China and that Qian responded that they would be.' In essence, then, there was virtually a de facto understanding between the two sides that the imperial visit would occur in late October. The Japanese government evidently had intended to make a public announcement in April when Jiang Zemin was scheduled to visitJapan. The opposition to the imperial visitwithin the ruling party derailed that plan. Consequently, Prime Minister Miyazawa was unable to provide Jiang with a formal definitive commitment. In a meeting on March 18, Miyazawa had failed to secure support from the group called the supreme advisors of the LDP, most of whom served as prime ministers.2 The initialJapanese plans notwithstanding, it took about seven months for the Miyazawa cabinet to build a domestic political consensus and feel it politically opportune to make the August 25 announcement that the emperor would visit China for the period of October 23-28. On August
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".