Analysis of fibre deformation processes in high-consistency refining based on Raman microscopy and X-ray diffraction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Raman microscopy has been used for the first time to predict the degree of micro-compressions in pulp fibres by monitoring the shift of the 1095 cm -1 Raman sensitive band under external loading. Strain sensitivity – the rate of change of Raman shift with respect to applied strain – provided a quantifiable measure of the degree of micro-compressions in pulp fibres. A methodology was developed to relate structure-property-process relations in high consistency refining (HCR) under atmospheric and pressurised conditions (AHRC and PHCR, respectively) based on powder X-ray diffraction and Raman microscopy. The state of stress and interfibrillar deformation of the cellulosic microfibrils within the cell wall were examined rigorously. PHCR pulps have a propensity for larger crystallite size, as well as larger portions of crystalline and paracrystalline components, thereby resulting in a more stressed microfibrillar arrangement mesoscopically. The higher density of cellulose chain packing and stressing renders the microfibrils more resistant to applied strain (yielding lower strain sensitivity through the Raman measurement). At the macroscopic level, the changes in the nano- and microscale are translated into a higher degree of micro-compression, or larger concertina-like, large-scale deformations; this can be observed as a more elastic-plastic macroscopic behaviour. Examination of the resistance of fibre curl and/or kinks in PHCR pulps against applied stress, supported the hypothesis that PHCR induces more micro-compressions. This macroscopic change in PHCR pulp fibres is also manifest in better properties of hand-sheets, such as stretch and tensile energy absorption.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".