Quantification and distribution of<i>Anisakis simplex</i>sensu stricto in wild, one sea winter Atlantic salmon,<i>Salmo salar</i>, returning to Scottish rivers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Red vent syndrome (RVS) has previously been reported in returning wild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar from Canada, Iceland, Ireland, Norway and the UK. Affected fish show reddening and swelling in the perianal/vent area, with scale loss, ulceration and bleeding in severe cases. Studies in the UK and elsewhere report the condition to be induced by Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (s.s.) larvae. This parasite, commonly reported in several marine fish species, is typically found in the body cavity and the skeletal muscle, but has recently been reported within the vent tissues of salmon. This latter finding may reflect greater efforts in examining this body portion due to current awareness of the parasite presence in this atypical location. Based on clinical observations, affected fish are classified into three categories according to the severity of the external lesions, but quantification of the vent parasite numbers in relation to the categories, and assessment of the relative importance of this area as a site of infestation, are missing to date. This investigation aimed to provide data on parasite number and distribution in the viscera, skeletal muscle, peduncle and vent area and to confirm the identity of the larvae found in the vent and the viscera. The study showed the perianal/vent region harbours the highest total number of A. simplex larvae per fish and, proportionally to fish biomass, is the most heavily infested body location irrespective of external severity levels of RVS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".