Distal Anatomical Relationship of the Flexor Hallucis Longus and Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The distal attachment of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon with the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon varies antomically. The presence of a strong link between the two tendons can preserve distal function if one of the tendons is used for transfer. METHODS: Twenty-four cadaver legs were dissected, and the distal relationship of the FHL tendon with the FDL tendon was analyzed. The width of the tendons and their attachments were measured to the closest 0.5 mm. RESULTS: Three different configurations were found. In type 1, a tendinous slip branched from the FHL to the FDL (10 of 24 feet). In type 2, a slip branched from the FHL to the FDL and another from the FDL to FHL (10 of 24). In type 3, no attachment was present (four of 24). In four cadavers the attachment was different in the right and left feet. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The absence of a cross connection between the two tendons in the foot may be more frequent than previously reported. Three configurations of the anatomical relationship of the distal FDL to FHL tendons were found in this study with a small sample size. Based on these findings, to preserve the distal function of the FDL after transfer of the proximal FDL tendon, routine tenodesis should be done or a wider exposure and tenodesis in type 3 variations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".