Evaluation of the iTClamp 50 in a human cadaver model of severe compressible bleeding
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a significant cause of preventable death. The iTClamp 50 is a temporary wound closure device designed to control bleeding within seconds of an injury. This study evaluates the ability of the iTClamp to control compressible bleeding in a human cadaver model. METHODS: Sterile water was pumped through the major arteries to mimic blood flow. Full-thickness, elliptical segments of skin were excised; arteriotomies or complete transections were performed on the major arteries in the thigh (distal femoral), groin (common femoral), neck (carotid), and arm (brachial). Scalp wounds were created by making a 4.4-cm linear incision to the level of the bone. Fluid losses from the wounds were compared with and without the iTClamp applied and with and without movement of the cadaver. Angiographic images of pressure-injected contrast were obtained of the neck and groin wounds. Hematoma volumes and needle penetration depth into the skin were measured. RESULTS: In all wounds tested, application of the iTClamp significantly reduced fluid loss in all wounds studied (p < 0.05), and movement of the cadaver did not affect the function of the iTClamp. For example, in one groin wound, the average fluid loss during 1 minute was reduced from 728.4 ± 79.3 mL to 5.6 ± 3.4 mL. Distal flow was maintained during application of the iTClamp, as illustrated in angiographic images obtained of the iTClamp applied to the neck and groin wounds. The average needle penetration depth into the skin was 4.21 ± 0.02 mm; furthermore, the iTClamp did not cause any visible skin damage or skin tearing. CONCLUSION: The iTClamp is effective at controlling fluid loss from open wounds within multiple compressible areas. The iTClamp does not occlude distal flow, and aside from small needle punctures, there was no other visible skin damage or skin tearing.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".