Saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) as a source of bioactive phytochemicals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bioactive polyphenols are found in high amounts in berries, fruits and in other plant parts. The polyphenols of saskatoon berries grown in Canada has been studied to some extent, while there are no studies concerning Finnish varieties. Although the potential importance for nutraceutical and other food/non-food applications, limited information is available on the phytochemicals in different plant parts of useful crops. Polyphenols in leaves, stems and berries of four saskatoon cultivars grown at agricultural farms in Finland were identified and quantified with HPLC and LC/MSD systems. Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) were determined with butanol-HCl test. HPLC-analysis revealed over 30 individual phytochemicals in a saskatoon plant. The polyphenolic composition varied among plant parts and the concentrations of compounds varied among cultivars. The most significant cultivar differences were detected in the accumulation of polyphenols in berries. The main berry components were cyanidin-based anthocyanins, quercetin-derived flavonol glycosides and chlorogenic acid derivatives. The leaves consisted of quercetin and kaempferol derived flavonol glycosides, catechins, neolignans and hydroxycinnamic acids. In stems, the main components were flavanones/flavonols, catechins and benzoic acid derivatives. Saskatoon cultivars were also rich in proanthocyanidins: 3 % of dry berry biomass and 10-14 % of dry biomass of stems and leaves. Cultivars were observed similar in their proanthocyanidin contents. Due to the high concentrations of phytochemicals, cultivation of saskatoon plants may have a great potential in the production of functional raw material to a wide range of food products.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".