Isolation, Expansion, and Characterization of Human Natural and Adaptive Regulatory T Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Regulatory T cells play a central role in controlling homeostasis, and in inducing and maintaining tolerance to both foreign and self-antigens. Several types of T cells with regulatory activity have been described both in mice and humans, and those within the CD4+ subset have been extensively studied. Among them, the best characterized are the naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, and the adaptive type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells. Natural Treg cells can arise directly from the thymus, are characterized by the constitutive expression of the transcription factor Foxp3, and suppress T cell responses in a cell-cell contact mediated mechanism. On the contrary, adaptive Tr1 cells arise in the periphery upon encountering antigen in a tolerogenic environment, produce high levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and mediate suppression via IL-10. During the last decade, much effort has been placed on developing protocols to generate regulatory T-cell lines and clones, to further define the similarities and differences between various regulatory T-cell subsets. In this chapter, we will outline protocols to expand naturally occurring Treg cells, to differentiate homogeneous population of Tr1 cells in vitro, and to generate natural Treg and Tr1 cell clones and cell lines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".