Later Stages of Transition over a NACA 0018 Airfoil at Low Reynolds Numbers
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The later stages of laminar-to-turbulent transition in a separation bubble are investigated in this work. Wind tunnel experiments were performed on a NACA 0018 airfoil at a chord Reynolds number of 10 and an angle of attack of 5. At these experimental conditions, a separation bubble forms over the suction side of the airfoil. Surface pressure velocity measurements were performed to estimate separation bubble characteristics. A rake of five hot-wire probes, evenly spaced in the spanwise direction, was used to investigate streamwise and spanwise development of fundamental disturbances leading to separated shear layer transition. Cross-correlation results show that, within the region of initial exponential growth, the disturbances are strongly correlated along the span, implying two-dimensional development in this region. This is followed by a sharp decrease in spanwise correlation coincidental with the broadening of the spectral content across a wider range of frequencies during the later stages of the transition process. However, for the conditions investigated, a weak frequency centred activity persists at the fundamental frequency in the aft portion of the bubble. Analysis of the cross-correlation results suggests that this is linked to the development of shear layer roll-up vortices, which undergo significant spanwise deformations during the last stages of transition.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it