Bibliographic record
Abstract
Water managers are becoming more aware of the impacts of hydraulic transients on their systems in terms of structural integrity, water quality and operations. In the past, transient analysis was typically completed as part of individual pumping or pipeline works design. Distribution systems have likely evolved considerably since transient protection equipment was designed and constructed, in terms of water demands, infrastructure expansion and operations. A comprehensive system-wide transient assessment provides managers and operations with a better picture of the transient impacts of both routine and severe operations at pumping facilities and within the distribution system. It facilitates more intelligent decision making as to the best transient management practices. Case studies of system-wide assessments for several medium sized municipalities are presented. These municipalities desired a review of existing protection and operations of the systems in their entirety. The studies critically evaluated protection effectiveness and whether they benefit or are detrimental to the system. This evaluation determined the criticality and benchmarking of protection for all facilities and evaluated protection enhancements and maintenance priorities. Operational and process control procedures were evaluated from a transient standpoint. This led to the development of a transient management strategy for the system as a whole from both a planning and operations perspective, including short and long term best practices related to transients.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".