Effects of Gap Ratio on Flow Past a Square Cylinder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study investigates the effect of gap ratio on the turbulent flow characteristics downstream of a square cylinder positioned in an open channel. Detailed velocity measurements were performed using a particle image velocimetry (PIV) system for gap ratios, G/h = 0.5 and 1, where G is the distance from the bottom face of the cylinder to the nearby wall and h is the cylinder height. Each set of experiments was conducted using a water depth of 65 mm and a Reynolds number of 2000 based on the height of the cylinder and the freestream velocity. Mean velocities, Reynolds stresses and Reynolds shear stress producing events of the quadrant decompositions were compared for the different gap ratios investigated. The results showed that as gap ratio decreased from 1 to 0.5 cylinder heights, the length of the separated region increased by 50%. Furthermore, the Reynolds stresses were found to decrease with decreasing gap ratio. Further downstream of the cylinder, the turbulent kinetic energy decreased, while the Reynolds shear stress increased for G/h = 0.5 compared to G/h = 1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".