Bibliographic record
Abstract
Studies of the costs associated with rheumatic diseases, the referral of patients to rheumatology subspecialty care, rheumatology practice patterns, and the relation between medical care and patient outcomes are reviewed. Direct medical costs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are higher among those with more functional disability. Direct medical costs in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) did not differ among Canadian, American, and British patients, despite substantial differences in the mechanisms by which medical care is financed and delivered in these three countries. The diagnostic accuracy of rheumatic complaints by primary care physicians may be low, and concomitant psychiatric disorders may not be uncommon among patients referred to rheumatologists. Most patient visits to rheumatologists involve patients with rheumatic diseases or musculoskeletal complaints, and few visits involve primary care. Fewer than half of elderly patients with RA or SLE are seen by a rheumatologist in a given year; access is particularly limited among black women. Early access to rheumatology subspecialty care may be associated with improved health status in patients with RA, and mortality among patients with SLE varies with the experience a hospital has in treating patients with SLE.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".