Oral hygiene habits among Polish students of dentistry, medicine and the students of English Division of Medical University of Lublin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction. Proper oral hygiene has a significant effect on the health of the entire body, but frequent brushing of teeth and proper diet can substantially reduce dental caries risks. Aim. The aim of the work is the comparison of oral hygiene habits among Polish and foreign students of Medical University of Lublin. Material and methods. We have carried out a survey among 279 Students of Medical University of Lublin. The respondents comprised 189 students from Poland and 90 students of English Division who come from USA, Canada, Taiwan, India, and Norway. The survey questions concerned the frequency of tooth brushing, consumption of sweets, and dental office visits. The results were statistically analysed. Results. The results are summarized in Tables 1-5. The respondents were divided into two groups: Polish and foreign students. Statistical analysis has revealed statistically significant difference between Polish and foreign students concerning the frequency of dental office visits, brushing teeth, tongue cleaning, and subjective evaluation of oral health condition. There is no statistically significant difference in frequency of sweets consumption. Discussion. Research results concerning oral health care awareness of the students of Medical University of Lublin were compared to the results of Kawamura from Hiroshima, Usman from India, Wędrychowicz-Welman from Poznań, among others. Conclusions. Students of Medical University of Lublin demonstrate sufficient level of oral health awareness. Foreign students visit dental office more often to check-up their teeth. Both groups of respondents usually brush their teeth two times a day, regularly clean tongue and evaluate their oral health condition as good.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".