Characterization of High-Boiling-Solvent Lignin from Hot-Water-Extracted Bagasse
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The complicated structures of bagasse hinder the bioconversion processes for the production of bioenergy and biomaterials. In this study, an integrated process of hot-water extraction followed by high-boiling-solvent cooking (HBS, i.e., 1,4-butanediol) was demonstrated to fractionate bagasse into hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose. The hot-water extraction resulted in the removal of hemicellulose, which facilitated the HBS cooking for the open fiber structure. As a result, 57–70% of lignin was isolated from the cooking spent liquor. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 31 P and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and thermogravimetry (TG) were employed for characterization of the organosolv lignin. Results showed that the organosolv lignin exhibited a chemical structure similar to enzymatic hydrolysis/mild acidolysis lignin (EMAL) but formed new phenolic OH groups (3–6-fold of EMAL). The high molecular weight and thermal stability would contribute to the potential application of lignin into value-added products. The proposed processes provide an efficient approach for fractionating the three main components of bagasse, especially lignin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".