Viedma Ripening of Conglomerate Crystals of Achiral Molecules Monitored Using Solid-State Circular Dichroism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Viedma ripening is the attrition-induced spontaneous chiral amplification of a conglomerate crystal mixture. To demonstrate the general nature of this deracemization process, we have extended attrition-enhanced chiral amplification to 10 achiral organic molecules that form conglomerate chiral crystals: benzil ( 1 ), diphenyl disulfide ( 2 ), benzophenone ( 3 ), tetraphenylethylene ( 4 ), guanidine carbonate ( 5 ), butylated hydroxytoluene ( 6 ), hippuric acid ( 7 ), ninhydrin ( 8 ), cytosine ( 9 ), and adeninium dinitrate ( 10 ). In these experiments the time required to reach homochirality was as low as 3 h and typically ranged from 25 to 50 h. In most cases amplification to homochirality of both enantiomers was observed in repeat experiments, although often in a nonstochastic fashion, reflecting the scalemic nature of the starting material. We have also demonstrated the utility of quantitative circular dichroism (CD) to determine enantiomeric excess in systems where chirality exists only in the solid-state.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".