X-ray Spectral Line Shape Analysis of Asphalt Binders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique has been applied to the study of asphalt binders. XRD patterns were obtained using a Rigaku DMax 2200 V-PC (personal computer). Jade software (version 6.1) was used to perform the peak search, full width at half-maximum, and profile fits with Pearson VII and pseudo-Voigt mathematical functions over the areas of interest. The XRD spectra were also modeled in Mathematica using a generalized Fermi function (GFF). Analysis shows a mixed correlation in the data in terms of mathematical fit, analysis of fit, and plotting. Aromaticity and crystallite size parameters were calculated for the asphalt binders using the data from the three functions (Pearson VII, pseudo-Voigt, GFF). Results are compared and discussed with respect to aging effects, asphalt binder models (Yen, Yen–Mullins), and fuel technology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".