Static and Dynamic Wetability of Molten Al on Al2O3 and ZrO2 Substrates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the fabrication of aluminum MMCs, the interface between metal and ceramic reinforcement may be associated with an oxide layer which plays a key role in the structure and properties of the MMC.This paper outlines some understanding into the breakdown of this oxide layer in aluminum and the corresponding contact between metal and reinforcement.The system under review consists of Al metal with 0 or 10%Mg alloy addition and Zr0 2 and A1 2 0 3 ceramic substrate material.It is shown that three conditions are required to destabilize the surface oxide on the aluminum: high temperature, alloying the melt and an atmosphere of nitrogen.This allows the melt to flow freely over the substrate resulting in regions of extensive reaction between melt and substrate and the formation of Al 3 Zr as one of the reaction products.It is also shown that impact of droplets on a ceramic substrate is not sufficient to break down the oxide layer on the droplets.These results highlight the need to develop controlled processing methodologies for the fabrication of MMCs with desired properties.Vol. 13, No. 1, 2006 with the metal-substrate bonding were explored with the aid of FACT 151.EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS Materials All of the ceramic substrates were tape cast then fired at the Westaim Labs.Density measurements using Archimedes principle showed that the A1 2 0 3 was approximately 94% dense while the Zr0 2 was fully dense.Under SEM examination, the substrate materials showed slight porosity at the surface of the Zr0 2 and throughout the cross section of A1 2 0 3 .With 94% of full densification the pores in the Al 2 03 were not interconnected.The substrates used for the static tests measured 0.025x0.025x0.001m; while the dimensions of substrates for the spray tests were 0.025 m diameter and 0.001 m thick.Commercial purity aluminum was used for some of the static tests.It contained about 98.4% Al and 1.14 % Fe and 0.43% Si.The aluminum used for the dynamic tests was 99.9%A1 granules.For the Al-Mg alloy used in both static and dynamic tests, industrial purity Mg was mixed with the 99.9% Al granules to prepare a Al-Mg alloy having 10% Mg.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".