Annual variation in the nutritional value of Stage V Calanus finmarchicus: implications for right whales and other copepod predators
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stage V (C5) Calanus finmarchicus is a central prey item for animals feeding at several trophic levels in the Bay of Fundy, Canada, especially the highly endangered North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis. Here, we show that the energy and lipid content of C5 C. finmarchicus collected twice monthly (July to September) from the Grand Manan Basin exhibited significant variation over multiple years (2006 to 2010). Mean SD wet mass energy (6.77 0.65 kJ g -1 ) was highest in 2007 and lowest in 2009 (5.82 0.90 kJ g -1 ); lipid content followed the same pattern. Significant decreases in individual energy content were observed over the summer during 2006 and 2010. Lipid content was significantly correlated with energy content. Overall, energy content of copepods was 13% lower in 2009 than in 2006-2007, which could alter foraging patterns and activity budgets of predators such as the North Atlantic right whale and have implications for assessment of whale habitat based on models of energy requirements. Variation in C5 quality may be linked to annual changes in the lipid content of Bay of Fundy herring, which consume copepods and are in turn a main prey item of seabirds, fishes, and marine mammals. Our study emphasizes that variation in quality, not just quantity, of prey should be considered when formulating predator consumption models and in tracking trophic transfer.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it