Who’s (really) in charge? Mothers and executive responsibility in ‘non-traditional’ families
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While fathers are becoming increasingly involved in the day-to-day work of caring for their children, mothers have tended to retain overall responsibility for children and family life – even when they are in full-time employment and delegate much of the daily care of children to others. Less is known about the sharing of this executive responsibility in cases where fathers are alternate caregivers, or where fathers’ share of caregiving equals or exceeds that of mothers. This article explores this question by drawing on a Canadian study of ‘non-traditional’ couples in which mothers were either primary breadwinners with caregiver partners, or in dual-earner relationships where partners equally shared most caregiving work. Three main variations in the sharing of overall executive responsibility are described. The most common case, where responsibility was shared along with other dimensions of caregiving work, suggested that ‘mothering’ and ‘fathering’ as separate (and gendered) practices were also being reconfigured.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".