Characterization of Phospholipids by Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Coupled to In-line Ozonolysis–Mass Spectrometry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, the characterization of phospholipids (PL) was achieved by using a combination of LC/MS/MS and two-dimensional LC/MS. A HILIC LC column was used for PL class separation, while the further molecular species separation of each PL class was achieved by using online HILIC × C18 LC. The double bond positions along the fatty acyl chains of these PL molecular species were also obtained by using the combination of 2D-LC and in-line ozonolysis-MS analysis. The ozonolysis device is composed of a gas-permeable, liquid-impermeable Teflon tube passing through a glass chamber filled with ozone gas, which is then placed in-line between the 2D-LC and the mass spectrometer. The eluting PL molecules in the LC mobile phase passed through the device where they rapidly reacted with the ozone that penetrated through the tubing wall. The ozonolysis products were then detected by MS in real-time, which allowed the localization of the double bonds along the fatty acyl chains in these PL molecular species. This comprehensive method was successfully applied to an egg yolk PL extract, which revealed the detailed structures of the PL molecules.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".