Geogrid pullout load–strain behaviour and modelling using a transparent granular soil
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper describes the results of a series of geogrid pullout tests that were carried out in a novel large pullout box with a transparent granular soil. The test apparatus and methodology allows the entire geogrid specimen to be visible through the bottom of the box. Specimen displacements are computed from image analysis of pictures taken through the transparent bottom of the pullout box during each test. The geogrid material was an integral punched and drawn biaxial polypropylene geogrid. A series of reference tests were carried out on geogrid specimens 2000 mm long and loaded at a front clamp displacement of 1 mm/min. The results of these tests have been reported in previous publication by the writers. In the current study, this earlier database of test results and interpretation of results is extended to include tests with specimens of different (shorter) length and loaded at other displacement rates. The tensile loads in the specimens are estimated using two different nonlinear rate-dependent load–strain models with parameters determined independently from in-air tests. The predicted loads are compared to measured loads recorded at the front and end of specimens trimmed to short lengths. In addition, the paper compares the load–displacement response of an unmodified geogrid specimen to that of a nominal identical specimen with the transverse members removed. The load–strain models are used to deduce the component of total tensile load in the geogrid carried by the transverse geogrid members. Finally, test results for nominal identical specimens tested in air and in soil show that there is no detectable influence of soil confinement on longitudinal tensile stiffness of the geogrid product used in this study.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it